Investigation on the reactivity of nucleophilic radiohalogens with arylboronic acids in water: access to an efficient single-step method for the radioiodination and astatination of antibodies

Abstract

Easy access to radioiodinated and ²¹¹At-labelled bio(macro)molecules is essential to develop new strategies in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of cancers. Yet, the labelling of complex molecules with heavy radiohalogens is often poorly effective due to the multiple steps and intermediate purifications needed. Herein, we investigate the potential of arylboron chemistry as an alternative approach for the late stage labelling of antibodies. The reactivity of a model precursor, 4-chlorobenzeneboronic acid (1) with nucleophilic iodine-125 and astatine-211 was at first investigated in aqueous conditions. In the presence of a copper(II) catalyst and 1,10-phenanthroline, quantitative radiochemical yields (RCYs) were achieved within 30 minutes at room temperature. The optimum conditions were then applied to a CD138 targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) that has previously been validated for imaging and therapy in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma. RCYs remained high (>80% for ¹²⁵I-labelling and >95% for ²¹¹At-labelling), and the whole procedure led to increased specific activities within less time in comparison with previously reported methods. Biodistribution study in mice indicated that targeting properties of the radiolabelled mAb were well preserved, leading to a high tumour uptake in a CD138 expressing tumour model. The possibility of divergent synthesis from a common modified carrier protein demonstrated herein opens facilitated perspectives in radiotheranostic applications with the radioiodine/²¹¹At pairs. Overall, the possibility to develop radiolabelling kits offered by this procedure should facilitate its translation to clinical applications.