Tandem catalyzing the hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over a Ni3Fe intermetallic supported Pt single-atom site catalyst

Abstract

Single-atom site catalysts (SACs) have been used in multitudinous reactions delivering ultrahigh atom utilization and enhanced performance, but it is challenging for one single atom site to catalyze an intricate tandem reaction needing different reactive sites. Herein, we report a robust SAC with dual reactive sites of isolated Pt single atoms and the Ni₃Fe intermetallic support (Pt₁/Ni₃Fe IMC) for tandem catalyzing the hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). It delivers a high catalytic performance with 99.0% 5-HMF conversion in 30 min and a 2, 5-dimethylfuran (DMF) yield of 98.1% in 90 min at a low reaction temperature of 160 °C, as well as good recyclability. These results place Pt₁/Ni₃Fe IMC among the most active catalysts for the 5-HMF hydrodeoxygenation reaction reported to date. Rational control experiments and first-principles calculations confirm that Pt₁/Ni₃Fe IMC can readily facilitate the hydrodeoxygenation reaction by a tandem mechanism, where the single Pt site accounts for CO group hydrogenation and the Ni₃Fe interface promotes the C–OH bond cleavage. This interfacial tandem catalysis over the Pt single-atom site and Ni₃Fe IMC support may develop new opportunities for the rational structural design of SACs applied in other heterogeneous tandem reactions.