A photocatalyst foam for superior visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Abstract

A photocatalyst foam is developed by growing high-density CdS microspheres on Ni₂P nanolayer-modified Ni foam (NF) (termed CdS/NF–P) for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H₂ evolution. The in situ grown Ni₂P thin layer on NF not only provides a large number of anchoring sites for the growth of high-density CdS microspheres for enhancing the visible light capture ability, but also offers active sites for catalyzing the H₂ evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, the multiple heterojunction interfaces formed among NF, Ni₂P, and CdS can greatly promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. As a consequence, the CdS/NF–P photocatalyst foam exhibits good photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity under visible light irradiation. The H₂ evolution rate reaches 4.82 mmol h⁻¹ g_CdS⁻¹ over the best CdS/NF–P photocatalyst foam, which is about five times that of CdS particles suspended in the reaction solution. More attractively, the photocatalyst foam can be easily recovered and recycled in the reaction solution by simple magnetic separation. In addition, the structural integrity makes the photocatalyst foam highly stable in the photocatalytic HER for 35 h. This work provides a new strategy for the design of efficient and practical photocatalyst foams that are easy to prepare on a large scale and compatible with device manufacturing for large-scale photochemical energy conversion.