A peroxidase-like activity-based colorimetric sensor array of noble metal nanozymes to discriminate heavy metal ions

Abstract

Heavy metal ions (HMIs), including Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Pb²⁺ from the environment pose a threat to human beings and can cause a series of life-threatening diseases. Therefore, colorimetric sensors with convenience and flexibility for HMI discrimination are still required. To provide a solution, a peroxidase-like activity-based colorimetric sensor array of citrate-capped noble metal nanozymes (osmium, platinum, and gold) has been fabricated. Some studies reported that some HMIs could interact with the noble metal nanozymes leading to a change in their peroxidase-like activity. This phenomenon was confirmed in our work. Based on this principle, different concentrations of HMIs (Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Pb²⁺) were discriminated. Moreover, their practical application has been tested by discriminating HMIs in tap water and SiYu lake water. What is more, as an example of the validity of our method to quantify HMIs at nanomolar concentrations, the LOD of Hg²⁺ was presented. To sum up, our study not only demonstrates the differentiation ability of this nanozyme sensor array but also gives hints for using nanozyme sensor arrays for further applications.