Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to formate using highly efficient bimetallic Sn–Pd aerogels

Abstract

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to valuable materials is a promising approach to suppress atmospheric CO₂ levels. In order to bring this strategy to a commercial scale, the design of efficient, cost-effective, and robust catalysts is essential. Current advances in CO₂ conversion technology use bimetallic components that enhance electrocatalysis via the introduction of binding site diversity. In this work, Sn–Pd bimetallic aerogels supported by carbon nanotubes (Sn–Pd/CNT) demonstrate selective electroreduction of CO₂ to formate in ambient conditions. Amino substituents were introduced as an additional CO₂ capture site (Sn–Pd/CNT–NH₂), further enhancing the electrocatalytic activity and resulting in 91% formate selectively and a current density of −39 mA cm⁻² at −0.4 V vs. RHE. The results demonstrate the potential of alloying Sn with other earth-abundant metals to promote the electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to value-added materials. We believe this study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship of bimetallic aerogels and shows the potential of the –NH₂ group as a facilitator for CO₂ capture and conversion that will inspire new forays into the development of competitive catalytic systems.