Controllable synthesis of few-layer ammoniated 1T′-phase WS2 as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanosheets have received significant attention as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, especially in their metallic 1T/1T′ phase. However, controllable synthesis of few-layer 1T/1T′ phase is still a challenge. In the present study, we report a facile two-step hydrothermal method to controllably synthesize few-layer 1T′-phase WS₂. By tuning the redox-temperature of (NH₄)₂WS₄ from 160 to 200 °C, the thickness of 1T′-phase WS₂ can be adjusted from 4–6 to 20 layers. A higher reversible capacity is achieved in 1T′-phase WS₂ with a smaller thickness, but the cycling stability decreases due to the lower crystallinity. The 1T′-phase WS₂ synthesized by reduction of (NH₄)₂WS₄ at 180 °C shows a moderate thickness of 10 layers and crystallinity, exhibiting the optimal Li-ion storage properties, i.e. a reversible capacity of 855.9 mA h g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹ and a good rate performance of 354.4 mA h g⁻¹ at 5000 mA g⁻¹. These results provide new insights into understanding the impacts of layer number on the Li-ion storage properties of 1T′-phase WS₂.