Novel imidazolium-thiohydantoin hybrids and their Mn(iii) complexes for antimicrobial and anti-liver cancer applications

Abstract

We present the effective synthesis and structural characterization of three novel imidazolium-thiohydantoin ligands (IMTHs, 5a–c) and their Mn(III) complexes (Mn(III)IMTHs, 6a–c) in this study. The findings of elemental analyses, spectral analyses and magnetic measurements will be used to infer the stoichiometry, coordination styles, and geometrical aspects of Mn(III)IMTHs. The new compounds were evaluated for their chemotherapeutic potential against ESKAPE pathogens and liver cancer (HepG2). According to the MIC and MBC values, the bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities of IMTHs have been significantly improved following coordination with the Mn(III) ion. The MTT assay results showed that all Mn(III)IMTHs had the potential to reduce the viability of liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the BF₄-supported complex (6b) outperforming its counterparts (6a and 6c) as well as a clinical anticancer drug (VBL). Additionally, Mn-IMTH₂ (6b) showed the highest level of selectivity (SI = 32.05) for targeting malignant cells (HepG2) over healthy cells (HL7702).