Morphology-controlled synthesis of MoS2 using citric acid as a complexing agent and self-assembly inducer for high electrochemical performance

Abstract

Two-dimensional MoS₂ with a controllable morphology was prepared via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Citric acid was used as a complexing agent and self-assembly inducer. The morphology of MoS₂ changed from clusters to nanosheets, and, eventually, to stacked nanorods. A formation mechanism is proposed for the observed evolution of the morphology. The nanosheet structure presents a relatively large specific surface area, more exposed active sites and greater 1T phase content compared to the other morphologies. The electrochemical performance tests show that the MoS₂ nanosheets exhibit excellent electrochemical behavior. Their specific capacitance is 320.5 F g⁻¹, and their capacitance retention is up to 95% after 5000 cycles at 5 mA cm⁻². This work provides a feasible approach for changing the morphology of MoS₂ for high efficiency electrode materials for supercapacitors.