Issue 20, 2023

GSH-depleting metal–polyphenol-network nanoparticles with dual enzyme activities induce enhanced ferroptosis

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death. The efficiency of ferroptosis is restrained in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by overexpression of glutathione (GSH) and insufficient production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this work, theranostic nanoparticles Ce-aMOFs@Fe3+-EGCG, termed MEFs, are developed by coating uniform Ce-based amorphous metal–organic frameworks (Ce-aMOFs) with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Fe3+. Fe3+ is chelated by the adjacent phenol hydroxyl groups in EGCG. In the tumor cell interior, overexpressed GSH and weak acidic medium degrade the coating to release Fe3+ and EGCG accompanied by exposure of Ce-aMOFs. Fe3+ and EGCG consume GSH along with turning Fe3+ into Fe2+. Ce-aMOFs act as a nanozyme possessing dual-enzymatic activities, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD)- and phosphatase-like activities. In the TME, Ce-aMOFs catalyze the conversion of endogenous superoxide (O2˙) into H2O2, and Fe2+ catalyzes H2O2 to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), which may further induce tumor cell death through ferroptosis. In addition, the phosphatase-like activity of Ce-aMOFs may sustainably dephosphorylate NADPH and effectively inhibit intracellular biosynthesis of GSH. Therefore, MEFs ensure down-regulation of intracellular GSH levels and up-regulation of oxidative pressure, which enhance the ferroptosis effect.

Graphical abstract: GSH-depleting metal–polyphenol-network nanoparticles with dual enzyme activities induce enhanced ferroptosis

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
13 Jun 2023
Accepted
18 Aug 2023
First published
18 Aug 2023

Biomater. Sci., 2023,11, 6906-6918

GSH-depleting metal–polyphenol-network nanoparticles with dual enzyme activities induce enhanced ferroptosis

W. Zhang, Y. Li, D. Ke, Y. Gao, T. Fei, G. Wang, Y. Shu and J. Wang, Biomater. Sci., 2023, 11, 6906 DOI: 10.1039/D3BM01000G

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