The reaction of organic peroxy radicals with unsaturated compounds controlled by a non-epoxide pathway under atmospheric conditions

Abstract

Today, the reactions of gas-phase organic peroxy radicals (RO₂) with unsaturated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are expected to be negligible at room temperature and ignored in atmospheric chemistry. This assumption is based on combustion studies (T ≥ 360 K), which were the only experimental data available for these reactions until recently. These studies also reported epoxide formation as the only reaction channel. In this work, the products of the reactions of 1-pentylperoxy (C₅H₁₁O₂) and methylperoxy (CH₃O₂) with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (“2,3DM2B”) and isoprene were investigated at T = 300 ± 5 K with Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and Gas Chromatography/Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry. Unlike what was expected, the experiments showed no measurable formation of epoxide. However, RO₂ + alkene was found to produce compounds retaining the alkene structure, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone (C₅H₁₀O₂) with 2,3DM2B and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butenal (C₅H₈O₂) and methyl vinyl ketone with isoprene, suggesting that these reactions proceed through another reaction pathway under atmospheric conditions. We propose that, instead of forming an epoxide, the alkyl radical produced by the addtion of RO₂ onto the alkene reacts with oxygen, producing a peroxy radical. The corresponding mechanisms are consistent with the products observed in the experiments. This alternative pathway implies that, under atmospheric conditions, RO₂ + alkene reactions are kinetically limited by the initial addition step and not by the epoxide formation proposed until now for combustion systems. Extrapolating the combustion data to room temperature thus underestimates the rate coefficients, which is consistent with those recently reported for these reactions at room temperature. While slow for many classes of RO₂, these reactions could be non-negligible at room temperature for some functionalized RO₂. They might thus need to be considered in laboratory studies using large alkene concentrations and in biogenically-dominated regions of the atmosphere.