Low volume expansion hierarchical porous sulfur-doped Fe2O3@C with high-rate capability for superior lithium storage

Abstract

Ingenious morphology design and doping engineering have remarkable effects on enhancing conductivity and reducing volume expansion, which need to be improved by transition metal oxides serving as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, S_0.15–Fe₂O₃@C nano-spindles with a hierarchical porous structure are obtained by carbonizing MIL-88B@PDA and subsequent high-temperature S-doping. Kinetic analysis showed that S-doping increases capacitive contribution, enhances charge transfer capability and accelerates Li⁺ diffusion rate. Therefore, the S_0.15–Fe₂O₃@C electrode exhibits superior lithium storage performance with a remarkable specific capacity of 1014.4 mA h g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹, ultrahigh rate capability of 513.1 mA h g⁻¹ at 5.0 A g⁻¹, and excellent cycling stability of 842.3 mA h g⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹ after 500 cycles. Moreover, the size of S_0.15–Fe₂O₃@C particles barely changed after 50 cycles, indicating an extremely low volume expansion, related to the carbon shell, fine Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, abundant voids inside, and improved kinetics. This strategy can be applied to other metal oxides for synthesizing anodes with high-rate capability and low volume expansion.