Architecturally simple organic photodiodes with highly competitive figures of merit via a facile self-assembly strategy

Abstract

Photodetectors (PDs) based on organic materials exhibit potential advantages such as low-temperature processing, and superior mechanical properties and form factors. They have seen rapid strides toward achieving performance metrics comparable to inorganic counterparts. Here, a simplified device architecture is employed to realize stable and high-performance organic PDs (OPDs) while further easing the device fabrication process. In contrast to the sequential deposition of the hole blocking layer (HBL) and active layer (conventional ‘two-step’ processing), the proposed strategy forms a self-assembled HBL and active layer in a ‘single-step’ process. A high-performance UV-Vis-NIR OPD based on the PM6:BTP-eC9 system is demonstrated using this cost-effective processing strategy. The green solvent processed proof-of-concept device exhibits remarkable responsivity of ∼0.5 A W⁻¹, lower noise current than conventional two-step OPD, ultrafast rise/fall times of 1.4/1.6 μs (comparable to commercial silicon diode), and a broad linear dynamic range of 140 dB. Importantly, highly stable (light and heat) devices compared to those processed by the conventional method are realized. The broad application potential of this elegant strategy is proven by demonstrating the concept in three representative systems with broadband sensing competence.