Photoinduced nickel-catalyzed reductive acyl cross-coupling: facile access to all carbon quaternary aliphatic ketones

Abstract

All carbon quaternary aliphatic ketones are difficult to synthesize via the traditional organometallic approach. The recently developed reductive cross-coupling strategy provides a facile access to α-tertiary ketones with coupling of either tertiary acyl electrophiles or tertiary alkyl radicals. However, due to the large steric hindrance effect, both tertiary acyl and alkyl reagents are largely restricted to highly strained ring systems. Herein, we develop a photoinduced nickel-catalyzed reductive acyl-coupling with two different carboxylic acid esters to synthesize sterically bulky α-tertiary ketones in the absence of an exogenous photocatalyst and a metal reductant. Various unstrained tertiary acyl electrophiles derived from native tertiary carboxylic acids can couple with 1°, 2°, and 3° alkyl radicals to afford all carbon quaternary aliphatic ketones, including α-tertiary amino ketones under mild conditions, structures which have been previously difficult to access or not yet been explored in literature.