Issue 16, 2023, Issue in Progress

Microwave assisted synthesis of fluorescent hetero atom doped carbon dots for determination of betrixaban with greenness evaluation

Abstract

A simple, rapid and eco-friendly method for synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) is described. The method involved one step carbonization assisted by a green microwave irradiation route using available and cheap sources, as sucrose (source for C) and thiourea (source for N and S). The formed aqueous solution of N,S-CDs showed excellent optical and electronic properties with high compatibility and stability. The particles of the prepared dots were spherical with a narrow range of size from 1.7 to 3.7 nm with a quantum yield of 0.20. These dots act as a fluorescent probe, as they showed an intense blue fluorescence at 413 nm after excitation at 330 nm. The N,S-CDs were utilized for determination of the anticoagulant drug, betrixaban maleate (BTM), based on quenching of their fluorescence upon its gradual addition. The quenching process was found to be through an inner filter effect mechanism. The proposed method showed a good linearity over a concentration range of (1.0–100.0 μM) with LOD and LOQ values of 0.33 μM and 0.99 μM, respectively. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria according to ICH guidelines. The high specificity and sensitivity of the performed method contributed to further assay of BTM in dosage form and spiked human plasma sample with high percent recoveries and low values of RSD. Interference from co-administered drugs was studied. Finally, the greenness of the proposed method was evaluated adopting a ComplexGapi approach, the excellent green profile has supported its applicability in quality control laboratories.

Graphical abstract: Microwave assisted synthesis of fluorescent hetero atom doped carbon dots for determination of betrixaban with greenness evaluation

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
07 Feb 2023
Accepted
30 Mar 2023
First published
06 Apr 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2023,13, 11044-11054

Microwave assisted synthesis of fluorescent hetero atom doped carbon dots for determination of betrixaban with greenness evaluation

M. S. El-Semary, A. A. El-Emam, F. Belal and A. A. El-Masry, RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 11044 DOI: 10.1039/D3RA00824J

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