Sb(iii)/Gum Arabic composite as a new natural-based environmentally green catalyst for the one-pot pseudo-four-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b] phthalazinetriones

Abstract

Sb(III)–Gum Arabic composite as a unique natural-based and nontoxic catalyst was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, ICP, BET, EDX and mapping. A four-component reaction of phthalic anhydride, hydrazinium hydroxide, aldehyde, and dimedone has been carried out in the presence of Sb(III)/Gum Arabic composite to synthesise 2H-indazolo[2,1-b] phthalazine triones. The advantages of the present protocol are the appropriate reaction times, eco-friendly nature and high yields.