Magnetic hysteresis and large coercivity in bisbenzimidazole radical-bridged dilanthanide complexes

Abstract

A judicious combination of radical ligands innate to diffuse spin orbitals with paramagnetic metal ions elicits strong magnetic exchange coupling which leads to properties important for future technologies. This metal-radical approach aids in effective magnetic communication of especially lanthanide ions as their 4f orbitals are contracted and not readily accessible. Notably, a high spin density on the donor atoms of the radical is required for strong coupling. Such molecules are extremely rare owing to high reactivity rendering their isolation challenging. Herein, we present two unprecedented series of bisbenzimidazole-based dilanthanide complexes [(Cp*₂Ln)₂(μ-Bbim)] (1-Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Bbim = 2,2′-bisbenzimidazole) and [K(crypt-222)][(Cp*₂Ln)₂(μ-Bbim˙)] −(2-Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy), where the latter contains the first Bbim³⁻˙ radical matched with any paramagnetic metal ion. The magnetic exchange constant for 2-Gd of J = −1.96(2) cm⁻¹ suggests strong antiferromagnetic Gd-radical coupling, whereas the lanthanides in 1-Gd are essentially uncoupled. Ab initio calculations on 2-Tb and 2-Dy uncovered coupling strengths of −4.8 and −1.8 cm⁻¹. 1-Dy features open hysteresis loops with a coercive field of H_c of 0.11 T where the single-molecule magnetism can be attributed to the single-ion effect due to lack of coupling. Excitingly, pairing the effective magnetic coupling with the strong magnetic anisotropy of Dy results in magnetic hysteresis with a blocking temperature T_B of 5.5 K and coercive field H_C of 0.54 T, ranking 2-Dy as the second best dinuclear single-molecule magnet containing an organic radical bridge. A Bbim⁴⁻ species is formed electrochemically hinting at the accessibility of Bbim-based redox-active materials.