Recent progress in organelle-targeting fluorescent probes for the detection of peroxynitrite

Abstract

Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), as an important reactive nitrogen species, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of intracellular redox homeostasis, signal transduction, cell growth and metabolism, and other physiological processes. Organelles are important for regulating ONOO⁻, and the dysregulation of ONOO⁻ in organelles is closely related to various diseases. Therefore, it is essential to monitor ONOO⁻ in cellular organelles, including mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and lipid droplets. However, the latest advances in organelle-targeting ONOO⁻ fluorescent probes have not been reviewed systematically. In this review, we focus on the design, sensing mechanism, and organelle-targeting imaging applications of ONOO⁻ fluorescent probes that were reported since 2018. This review will help to facilitate the comprehension of organelle-targeting fluorescent probes for the detection of ONOO⁻.