Ligand solid-solution tuning of magnetic and mechanical properties of the van der Waals metal–organic magnet NiCl2(btd)1−x(bod)x

Abstract

Van der Waals (vdW) magnets offer unique opportunities for exploring magnetism in the 2D limit. Metal–organic magnets (MOM) are of particular interest as the functionalisation of organic ligands can control their physical properties. Here, we demonstrate tuning of mechanical and magnetic function of a noncollinear vdW ferromagnet, NiCl₂(btd) (btd = 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), through creating solid-solutions with the oxygen-substituted analogue ligand 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (bod). We synthesise NiCl₂(btd)_1−x(bod)_x up to x = 0.33, above which we find mixtures primarily composed of 1D NiCl₂(bod)₂. Magnetometry reveals bod incorporation reduces the coercivity significantly (up to 60%), without altering the ordering temperatures. High pressure synchrotron diffraction measurements up to 0.4 GPa demonstrate that the stiffest axis is the b axis, through the Ni–N–(O/S)–N–Ni bonds, and the softest is the interlayer direction. Doping with bod fine-tunes this compressibility, softening the layers, but stiffening the interlayer axis. This demonstrates that substitution of organic ligands in vdW MOMs can be used to realise targeted magnetic and mechanical properties.