Influence of alkyl chain fluorination proportion on the photovoltaic performance of non-fullerene acceptors

Abstract

Three non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with varying alkyl chain sizes and lengths but constant fluorine atoms were synthesized. BO-17F and HD-17F, with optimal fluorination, exhibit improved molecular packing and morphology, achieving efficiencies of 14.2% and 14.4%. This work highlights the importance of fine-tuning alkyl chains and fluorination levels in organic solar cells.