A first-principles study of the BC3N2 monolayer and a BC3N2/graphene heterostructure as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

High-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) require anode materials with high capacity and fast kinetics. Based on first-principles calculations, we propose BC₃N₂ and BC₃N₂/graphene (B/G) heterostructure as potential SIB anode materials. The BC₃N₂ monolayer exhibits intrinsic metallic behavior. In addition, BC₃N₂ possesses a low Na⁺ diffusion barrier (0.15 eV), a high storage capacity (777 mA h g⁻¹), a low open-circuit voltage (0.72 V), and a tiny axial expansion (0.36%). Compared with the BC₃N₂ monolayer, the B/G heterostructure exhibits a lower diffusion barrier of 0.027 eV, suggesting a much faster diffusion. More importantly, although the B/G heterostructure possesses heavier molar weight, its theoretical capacity (689 mA h g⁻¹) is comparable to that of the BC₃N₂ monolayer. Based on the above-mentioned properties, we hope both the BC₃N₂ monolayer and the B/G heterostructure would be promising anodes for SIBs.