Innovations in nanocomposite photocatalysts for CO2 to CH3OH conversion

Abstract

Nowadays, the excessive use of fossil fuels has led to a global energy shortage and exacerbated the greenhouse effect. One of the main contributors to the greenhouse effect is the excessive emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Therefore, to achieve sustainable development and harmonious symbiosis between humans and nature, reducing CO₂ emission has become a global concern. Converting CO₂ into value-added products can effectively address this issue. At present, the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ using synthetic nanocomposites is a common method. Among the products of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, methanol (CH₃OH) shows promise as a new clean fuel and basic chemical raw material, with potential to reduce energy consumption. This paper reviews the research progress of photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to CH₃OH in recent years. The difficulties and challenges in the photocatalytic process, along with potential solutions, are briefly discussed. Finally, the future prospects of this research are outlined.