Heterometallic MIL-125(Ti–Al) frameworks for electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid

Abstract

The detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) is not only of great significance in the areas of biomedicine and neurochemistry but also helpful in disease diagnosis and pathology research. Due to their diverse structures, designability, and large specific surface areas, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently caught considerable attention in the electrochemical field. Herein, a family of heterometallic MOFs with amino modification, MIL-125(Ti–Al)-xNH₂ (x = 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), were synthesized and employed as electrochemical sensors for the detection of AA, DA, and UA. Among them, MIL-125(Ti–Al)-75%NH₂ exhibited the most promising electrochemical behavior with 40% doping of carbon black in 0.1 M PBS (pH = 7.10), which displayed individual detection performance with wide linear detection ranges (1.0–6.5 mM for AA, 5–100 μM for DA and 5–120 μM for UA) and low limits of detection (0.215 mM for AA, 0.086 μM for DA, and 0.876 μM for UA, S/N = 3). Furthermore, the as-prepared MIL-125(Ti–Al)-75%NH₂/GCE provided a promising platform for future application in real sample analysis, owing to its excellent anti-interference performance and good stability.