Redox properties of [Cp*Rh] complexes supported by mono-substituted 2,2′-bipyridyl ligands

Abstract

The redox properties of half-sandwich rhodium complexes supported by 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) ligands can be readily tuned by selection of an appropriately substituted derivative of bpy, but the influences of single substituents on the properties of such complexes are not well documented, as disubstituted bpy variants are much more common. Here, the synthesis, characterization, and redox properties of two new [Cp*Rh] complexes (where Cp* is η⁵-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) supported by the uncommon mono-substituted ligands 4-chloro-2,2′-bipyridyl (mcbpy) and 4-nitro-2,2′-bipyridyl (mnbpy) are reported. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and related spectroscopic experiments confirm installation of the single substituents (–Cl and –NO₂, respectively) on the bipyridyl ligands; the precursor monosubstituted ligands were prepared via a divergent route from unsubstituted bpy. Electrochemical studies reveal that each of the complexes undergoes an initial net two-electron reduction at potentials more positive than that associated with the parent unsubstituted complex of bpy, and that the complex supported by mnbpy can undergo a third, chemically reversible reduction at −1.62 V vs. ferrocenium/ferrocene. This redox behavior is consistent with inductive influences from the substituent groups on the supporting ligands, although the nitro group uniquely enables addition of a third electron. Spectrochemical studies carried out with UV-visible detection confirm the redox stoichiometry accessible to these platforms, highlighting the rich redox chemistry and tunable behavior of [Cp*Rh] complexes supported by bpy-type ligands.