Modulating quantum tunnelling of magnetization in Dy isotopologue dimers

Abstract

Qudits are anticipated to streamline quantum computation by minimizing iterations, lowering error rates, and facilitating error correction. It has been shown that Dy(III)-based molecular systems can act as qudits with expanded Hilbert spaces. Achieving a robust intramolecular interaction, whether exchange or dipolar, is crucial for spanning the Hilbert space of qudits; hence, short Dy(III)⋯Dy(III) distances are required. Looking for multilevel systems that can be employed as qudits, we have synthesized and characterized two dysprosium-based isotopologues: [¹⁶³Dy₂(BTFA)₄(PHZP)₂]⁰ (1^(I=5/2)) and [¹⁶⁴Dy₂(BTFA)₄(PHZP)₂]⁰ (2^(I=0)), where BTFA = 3-benzoyl-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone and PHZP = N′-[(E)-(pyrazin-2-yl)methylidene]pyrazine-2-carbohydrazonate. Both complexes showed slow magnetic relaxation at zero applied magnetic field. μSQUID investigations, at milli-Kelvin temperatures, and direct and alternating current magnetic measurements reveal distinctions in the magnetic behavior between the two complexes and an operative interaction between the Dy(III) centers. We find that the presence or absence of the nuclear spin plays a minor role in the magnetic properties above 2 K. On the contrary, at milli-Kelvin temperatures, μSQUID studies show enhanced relaxation in 1^(I=5/2), attributed to several quantum tunnelling pathways enabled by hyperfine and quadrupole interactions. The interplay between the antiferromagnetic coupling and enhanced relaxation indicates that the exchange coupling influences the relaxation mechanisms at different temperature ranges.