Montmorillonite-catalysed coupling reactions: a green overview

Abstract

Coupling reactions are widely significant in organic synthesis, and within the green chemistry perspective the utilization of montmorillonite clay as a catalyst offers a viable alternative to traditional coupling protocols. Montmorillonite clay is an effective, eco-friendly, economic and recyclable catalyst, and its heterogeneous nature facilitates easy isolation and reusability. The majority of coupling reactions executed with montmorillonite catalysts offer notable advantages over their homogeneous counterparts, including enhanced efficiency, selectivity, operational simplicity, elimination of toxic solvents and ligands, maintenance of mild reaction conditions, and cost-effectiveness. This review gives a comprehensive summary of the literature to date on coupling reactions catalysed by montmorillonite clay, while also outlining future prospects in this area.