Iron oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite synthesis using atmospheric cold plasma

Abstract

Herein, we demonstrate the use of an atmospheric pressure plasma with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) for the synthesis of FeO_x nanoparticles with a simultaneous formation of graphene oxide domains at low substrate temperature. For that, the interaction of the plasma to control good decomposition of the Fe precursor is essential and this is demonstrated by FTIR analyses. Thanks to a fine tuning of the plasma conditions, a homogeneous spatial distribution around 5 nm nanoparticles (NPs) was obtained, whereas without plasma, in the same configuration of the process, a heterogeneity regarding size and shape for the NPs was obtained. The Raman spectrum of the plasma deposit confirmed the presence of graphene oxide as the characteristic G and D bands were observed with I(D)/I(G) = 0.92. Thanks to optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurements, it is proposed that the carbon deposition on FeO_x nanoparticles is produced on the near plasma post discharge. XPS studies showed that the main contribution of iron was in Fe²⁺ form, corresponding to the FeO phase. No metallic Fe or carbide were detected. As there are many studies reporting the synergetic effect of FeO_x NPs and graphene oxide, we believe that this new one-step simultaneous synthesis method may be of high interest for applications requiring direct deposition on temperature labile substrates such as polymers.