Injectable, thermo-sensitive and self-adhesive supramolecular hydrogels built from binary herbal small molecules towards reusable antibacterial coatings

Abstract

Herbal hydrogels as a new class of sustainable functional materials have attracted extensive attention. However, the development of herbal hydrogels is significantly hindered due to their poor hydrogel performances and the lack of universal preparation methods. In this study, four herbal hydrogels composed of phytochemical polyphenols and stevioside compounds are prepared through a facile heating-cooling process, where multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between two monomers provide the main driving force for gelation. These herbal hydrogels exhibit thermo-sensitivity and good reversibility (25–90 °C), robust adhesion behaviours on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces (maximum adhesion strength of 591.7 kPa), and outstanding antibacterial properties (100% bacteriostatic ratio). Profiting from these intriguing characteristics, they are demonstrated to show great potential as natural antibacterial coatings by depositing thin hydrogel layers onto diverse substrates. More importantly, the hydrogel coatings could be easily recycled by thermal regelation and reused at least 5 times. This work proposes a simple and universal strategy for preparing functional hydrogels based on binary herbal small molecules, which also sheds light on the development of reusable hydrogel coatings.