Effective extraction and determination of 24 quinolones in water and egg samples using a novel magnetic covalent organic framework combined with UPLC-MS/MS

Abstract

The excessive use of quinolones (QNs) has seriously threatened human health. In this study, a novel functionalized magnetic covalent organic framework Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ah-COF was fabricated with biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarbaldehyde and hydrazine hydrate (85%) as monomers and was used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) absorbent for the determination of 24 QNs in water and egg samples through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The extraction parameters of MSPE were optimized, including pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, and eluent type. An effective and rapid detection method was then established, which showed good linearity (R² ≥ 0.9990), low limits of detection (0.003–0.036 μg L⁻¹) and low limits of quantitation (0.008–0.110 μg L⁻¹) for QNs. The good recoveries of 24 QNs in water and egg samples were in the range of 70.3–106.1% and 70.4–119.7%, respectively, with relative standard deviations lower than 10% (n = 5). As a result, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ah-COF is a promising magnetic adsorbent, and the established method was successfully applied for the determination of 24 QNs in water and egg samples.