Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Manilkara zapota leaf extract for the detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics and other applications

Abstract

Antibiotics of aminoglycoside (AMG) class, such as streptomycin (STR), have been widely used to treat infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria in livestock and humans. In this study, a selective and sensitive colorimetric probe for the determination of STR was proposed based on eco-friendly green synthesized AgNPs from the leaf extract of Manilkara zapota. The mechanism for the detection of STR is based on the electrostatic interaction of opposite charges between negatively charged silver nanoparticle-Manilkara zapota leaf (AgNP–MZL) and STR, causing an aggregation-induced characteristic shift of the SPR band (from 390 nm to 570 nm wavelength) of AgNP–MZL. The morphology, size distribution and optical properties of AgNP–MZL were characterized using UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, DLS, zeta-potential measurements and TEM. The selective determination of STR was experimentally confirmed by performing controlled testing with other classes of antibiotics. To test the sensitivity level of this method, the ratio of these two A₃₉₀/A₅₇₀ absorbance wavelengths was selected to provide a linear concentration plot between 5 and 100 ng mL⁻¹ STR. The LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 3.5 ng mL⁻¹ and 26.8 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. Good precision was evaluated with a standard deviation of 0.45 ng mL⁻¹ and a relative standard deviation of 2.0% (intraday) and 2.42% (interday) at 10 ng mL⁻¹ for 3 replicate measurements. Advantages of the green synthesis of AgNP–MZL include its eco-friendly nature and it is easy, efficient, cost effective and selective for the detection of the AMG class of antibiotics, i.e. STR, in agricultural and environmental samples.