Issue 26, 2024

Ti3C2Tx-AuNP based paper substrates for label-free SERS detection of bacteria and multimodal antibacterials

Abstract

Bacterial infections have become a serious global health problem due to the misuse of antibiotics which causes the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely studied in recent years as a method to combat the development of bacterial resistance. However, PPT may cause damage to the human body due to excessive laser power. Therefore, it is important and urgent to develop a multifunctional platform that can sensitively detect bacteria and effectively inhibit or kill bacteria at low laser power. Herein, a novel multifunctional paper substrate of Ti3C2Tx-AuNP was successfully synthesized by a self-assembly and freeze-drying method for bacterial detection and photothermal sterilization at low laser power. The typical Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the Gram-positive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were used as models to perform label-free, rapid and sensitive detection of bacteria based on the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method with detection limits as low as 105 CFU mL−1 and 5 × 105 CFU mL−1, respectively, demonstrating the paper substrate's ability to detect bacteria with sensitivity and accuracy. The paper substrate of Ti3C2Tx-AuNP exhibits significant antibacterial effects when irradiated with 808 nm light at a low laser power of only 300 mW cm−2 and a short irradiation time of 5 minutes, and the germicidal rates for E. coli and MRSA were 99.94% and 92.71%, respectively. At the same time, the paper substrate of Ti3C2Tx-AuNP also produces a variety of reactive oxygen species under 808 nm laser irradiation, resulting in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Accordingly, this paper substrate of Ti3C2Tx-AuNP can not only sensitively detect bacteria, but also has photothermal and photodynamic sterilization, providing a promising countermeasure for the clinical treatment of diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Graphical abstract: Ti3C2Tx-AuNP based paper substrates for label-free SERS detection of bacteria and multimodal antibacterials

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 May 2024
Accepted
31 May 2024
First published
12 Jun 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2024,14, 18739-18749

Ti3C2Tx-AuNP based paper substrates for label-free SERS detection of bacteria and multimodal antibacterials

B. Shi, L. Jiang, R. Ma, W. Zhao, Y. Zheng, W. Pan, M. Liu, S. Jin and Y. Zhou, RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 18739 DOI: 10.1039/D4RA03723E

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