Effect of pore structure in bismuth metal–organic framework nanorod derivatives on adsorption and organic pollutant degradation

Abstract

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of bismuth metal–organic framework (Bi-MOF) nanorods and their derivatives such as Ag/Bi-MOF and Ag/Bi₂O₃. Bi-MOF nanorods exhibit significant photocatalytic activity under visible light, with the addition of silver (Ag) enhancing electron–hole pair separation and reducing their recombination. This leads to improved photocatalytic performance, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants such as Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MB). The results show that Bi-MOF and its derivatives demonstrate excellent chemical stability and high performance in photocatalytic applications, even when subjected to high temperatures and tested across a wide pH range. The large surface area and microporous structure facilitate selective adsorption of small organic molecules like MB. The pores and large surface area not only provide numerous active sites but also enhance the interaction between reactants and the catalyst surface, improving photocatalytic efficiency. Bi-MOF and its derivatives perform optimally across a broad pH range, from acidic to alkaline environments, where strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are easily formed, aiding in the effective degradation of organic compounds. The study also shows that Bi-MOF and its derivatives can be reused multiple times without significant loss in performance. This research contributes to the development of advanced materials for environmental remediation, highlighting the potential of Bi-MOF-based nanocomposites in practical applications.