Morphology-driven electrochemical attributes of Cu-MOF: a high-performance anodic material for battery supercapacitor hybrids

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered substantial attention as promising candidates for electrode materials due to their intriguing electrochemical properties. However, the quest for enhanced energy density and electrical conductivity persists. Manipulating surface morphology emerges as a pivotal strategy to modulate these attributes and unlock the full potential of MOFs in electrochemical applications. This research delves into a pioneering exploration of copper metal–organic framework synthesis employing pyridine-4-carboxylic acid via hydrothermal and sonochemical routes, focusing on sculpting its surface morphology. Through meticulous comparative analysis, we unveil the distinct morphological features between the bulk and thin flakes crafted via each method. Notably, our findings highlight the remarkable superiority of the sonochemical approach in delivering refined outcomes (594.2 C g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ to 331.0 C g⁻¹ at 16 A g⁻¹) over its hydrothermal counterpart. Furthermore, the application of the sono-synthesized sample in an asymmetric device reveals a specific energy of 74.92 W h kg⁻¹ at 850 W kg⁻¹, while it sustains an exceptional 13 765 W kg⁻¹, maintaining a noteworthy specific energy of 34.4 W h kg⁻¹. The pursuit of refining surface morphology stands as a critical avenue in the ongoing endeavor to optimize the electrochemical performance of MOFs, paving the way for their widespread utilization in advanced energy storage technologies.