Sodium compensation: a critical technology for transforming batteries from sodium-starved to sodium-rich systems

Bin Zhu; Wei Zhang; Zhenjing Jiang; Jie Chen; Zheng Li; Jingqiang Zheng; Naifeng Wen; Ruwei Chen; Hang Yang; Wei Zong; Yuhang Dai; Chumei Ye; Qi Zhang; Tianyun Qiu; Yanqing Lai; Jie Li; Zhian Zhang

doi:10.1039/D4SC03995E

Sodium compensation: a critical technology for transforming batteries from sodium-starved to sodium-rich systems

Bin Zhu,

^a Wei Zhang,

*^bg Zhenjing Jiang,^b Jie Chen,

^b Zheng Li,^a Jingqiang Zheng,^a Naifeng Wen,^a Ruwei Chen,^b Hang Yang,

^b Wei Zong,

^c Yuhang Dai,^c Chumei Ye,^d Qi Zhang,^e Tianyun Qiu,^f Yanqing Lai,^a Jie Li^a and Zhian Zhang

*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added, Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
E-mail: zhangzhian@csu.edu.cn

^b Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
E-mail: wei.zhang.21@ucl.ac.uk

^c Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK

^d Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK

^e School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

^f School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

^g Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted wide attention from academia and industry due to the low cost and abundant sodium resources. Despite the rapid industrialization development of SIBs, it still faces problems such as a low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) leading to a significant decrease in battery energy density (e.g., 20%). Sodium compensation technology (SCT) has emerged as a promising strategy to effectively increase the ICE to 100% and drastically boost battery cycling performance. In this review, we emphasize the importance of SCT in high-performance SIBs and introduce its working principle. The up-to-date advances in different SCTs are underlined in this review. In addition, we elaborate the current merits and demerits of different SCTs. This review also provides insights into possible future research directions in SCT for high-energy SIBs.

This article is part of the themed collection: 2024 Chemical Science Perspective & Review Collection

Chemical Science

Sodium compensation: a critical technology for transforming batteries from sodium-starved to sodium-rich systems

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