Phase separation dynamics in wetting ridges of polymer surfaces swollen with oils of different viscosities

Abstract

When drops are placed on a sufficiently soft surface, the drop surface tension drives an out of plane deformation around the contact line (i.e., a wetting ridge). For soft elastomeric surfaces that are swollen with a liquid, capillarity from a drop can induce a phase separation in the wetting ridge. Using confocal microscopy, we study the dynamics of phase separation at the wetting ridge of glycerol drops on silicone elastomers, which are swollen with silicone oils of varying viscosity (i.e., molecular weight). We show that the viscosity of the swelling oil plays a large role in the oil separation size and separation rate. For networks swollen to near their maximum swelling (i.e., saturated), lower viscosity oil separates more and separates faster at early times compared to larger viscosity oil. During late-stage wetting, the growth rate of the separation is a function of viscosity and swelling ratio, which can be described by a simple diffusive model and a defined wetting ridge geometry. In this late-stage wetting, the higher viscosity oil evidently grows faster, likely because it is further from reaching equilibrium. Interestingly, the separated oil phase region grows with a nearly constant, geometrically similar shape. Understanding how phase separation occurs on swollen substrates should provide information on how to control drop spreading, sliding, adhesion, or friction on such surfaces.