CNSL-based plasticizers, a promising sustainable alternative to phthalates, a review.

Abstract

With growing environmental concerns and the depletion of petrochemical resources, biomass-derived chemicals have garnered significant attention. Biomass-derived plasticizers have been widely studied as alternatives to toxic petroleum-based plasticizers. However, many of them are in competition with the food industry and require land expansion. CNSL, an inedible oil derived from agricultural waste, containing cardanol, cardol and anacardic acid, is attracting new interest. Recent research has focused on cardanol-based plasticizers for various polymers such as PVC, PLA, AC and rubber. Cardanol-based biobased plasticizers offer advantages such as renewability, solvent-resistant extraction and efficient plasticizing performance, making them potentially suitable for partial or total replacement of petroleum-based plasticizers. In this review, we will discuss the different types of cardanol-based plasticizers according to their chemical structure, function groups and applications in polymers. The aim of this review is to make a complete overview of the synthesis of plasticizers based on CNSL derivatives, to map and criticize these various synthesis methods and then to demonstrate the interest of the use of such molecules and their impact on the properties of the different polymers formulated. In conclusion, the authors will present their point of view on the possible future developments and perspectives regarding the development of plasticizer from the CNSL.