Long-term leaching kinetics and solution chemistry of aqueous BaTiO3 powder suspensions: a numerical model supported experiment

Abstract

The advent of lead-free perovskite materials with favorable toxicity profiles has made them candidates for in vivo and environmental applications. However, their tendency to leach A-site cations raises concerns about toxicity, catalytic efficiency, and slurry properties. The present study investigates the long-term leaching kinetics of BaTiO₃ powders over 31 days in aqueous solutions of varying pH levels. Using ICP-MS analysis and a numerical model based on the Unreacted Shrinking Core (USC) principle. The study extends the understanding of BaTiO₃ stability beyond previously reported timeframes. The findings highlight the material's long-term stability, with implications for biomedical and environmental applications.