Determination of airborne metal-containing nanoparticles in a historic mining area using single particle ICP-MS

Abstract

Given limited information on airborne metal-containing NPs—a highly bioaccessible fraction of metals relevant to human exposure—in the upper Meža Valley, a historic mining area in Slovenia, this study aimed to assess their presence in PM10 air filters from the region using the spICP-MS method. The extraction procedure, refined using a certified reference material of PM10-like fine dust deposited on filters, achieved an extraction efficiency of 9.1% for Zn- and 14.0% for Pb-containing NPs after two hours of ultrasonication in 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate. The method proved effective for detecting metal-containing NPs in PM10 from mining and smelting areas, as demonstrated by a case study from the upper Meža Valley. SpICP-MS analyses identified both Zn- and Pb-containing NPs in PM10 samples, with 0.6–3.8% of Zn and 0.3–1.7% of Pb extracted as NPs. Additionally, SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Zn- and Pb-containing (nano)particles of different chemical compositions. This study is the first to report the occurrence of metal-containing NPs in PM10 from this region. Although they represent only a small fraction of total Zn and Pb in the samples, NPs are more bioaccessible and thus more relevant for assessing local population's exposure to these particles.

Graphical abstract: Determination of airborne metal-containing nanoparticles in a historic mining area using single particle ICP-MS

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
29 Apr 2025
Accepted
20 May 2025
First published
27 May 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Analyst, 2025, Advance Article

Determination of airborne metal-containing nanoparticles in a historic mining area using single particle ICP-MS

T. Žerdoner, J. Vidmar, B. Arah and T. Zuliani, Analyst, 2025, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D5AN00480B

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