An Indolizine-derived Chemodosimeter with Enhanced Emission in Micellar Environment for ppb-level Detection of Mercury Ions

Abstract

Mercury is a harmful heavy metal that gravely threatens the environment and organisms. In the current study, probes 2-(1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)-1,3-diphenylindolizine (DPIC-OS) and 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-1,3-diphenylindolizine (DPIC-SS) are designed by protecting a 1,3-diphenylindolizine-2-carbaldehyde (DPIC-CHO) with a mercury-recognizable 1,3-dithiolane and 1,3-oxathiolane moieties and utilized for the selective detection of Hg2+ ions in micellar medium. Hydrophobic probes DPIC-OS and DPIC-SS exhibit intense fluorescence in the confined environment of micellar solution. A significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity was seen for these probes upon switching from organic to aqueous micellar media. Upon the incremental addition of Hg2+ ions, it displays a shift with a gradual increase, exhibiting a bluish-green emission at 505 nm through the release of fluorescent DPIC-CHO in the working solution by the spontaneous cleavage of thioacetal linkage. DPIC-OS was more efficient than DPIC-SS, and further analytical studies were conducted with this probe. The DPIC-OS displayed no or insignificant response towards numerous common anions, cations, and small molecules, affirming its selectivity to Hg2+ ions and offering a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.2 ppb (16.2 nM). The real sample analysis by spiking mercury ions in water showed excellent percent recoveries.

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
06 May 2025
Accepted
04 Jun 2025
First published
04 Jun 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Analyst, 2025, Accepted Manuscript

An Indolizine-derived Chemodosimeter with Enhanced Emission in Micellar Environment for ppb-level Detection of Mercury Ions

A. A. Pinheiro, A. Thakuri, S. Saha, M. Banerjee and A. Chatterjee, Analyst, 2025, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D5AN00502G

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