PISA printing perfusable microcapillaries

Abstract

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) printing combines reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with digital light projection (DLP) photolithography to create high-resolution three-dimensional structures without permanent covalent crosslinks. Here, we intoduce a simplified, one-pot, purification-free synthesis for multi-chain transfer agent (multi-CTA) scaffolds that spontaneously form robust physical networks durnig printing, stabilized by interparticle bridges and knots. By tuning solvent-resin chemistry and polymer composition, we achieved precise control over nanoscale morphologies and selective distribution behaviors. This approach was demonstrate through successful fabrication of perfusable microvascular networks and open-channel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices, where sacrificial scaffolds dissolved cleanly to yield stable microchannels. Collectively, these findings enhance the accessibliity, flexibility, and functionality of PISA printing, offering an efficient and adaptable platform for microfabrication, rapid prototyping, and advance d tissue engineering applications.