Development and application of ordered membrane electrode assemblies for water electrolysis

Abstract

With the development of hydrogen energy, there has been increasing attention toward fuel cells and water electrolysis. Among them, the zero-gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) serves as an important triple-phase reaction site that determines the performance and efficiency of the reaction system. The development of efficient and durable MEAs plays a crucial role in the development of hydrogen energy. Consequently, a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing ordered MEAs that can effectively increase catalyst utilization, maximize triple-phase boundaries, enhance mass transfer and improve stability. The research progress of ordered MEAs in recent advances is highlighted, involving hydrogen fuel cells and low temperature water electrolysis technology. Firstly, the fundamental scientific understanding and structural characteristics of MEAs based on one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes and nanofibers are summarized. Then, the classification, preparation and development of ordered MEAs based on three-dimensional structures are summarized. Finally, this review presents current challenges and proposes future research on ordered MEAs and offers potential solutions to overcome these obstacles.