Conformational analysis of biomineral proteins interacting with inorganic minerals using dispersive mineral particles for solution NMR

Abstract

Minerals formed by living organisms are referred to as biominerals, and the process of their formation is known as biomineralization. These biominerals result from organic–inorganic interactions involving biomineral proteins and minerals. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain unclear due to the lack of established methods for analyzing the conformations of biomineral proteins. Existing conformational analysis techniques, such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, are insufficient for studying these proteins, as they cannot reveal protein structures on solid surfaces. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers high-resolution capabilities for determining protein structures but requires solubilized proteins that can move and rotate freely in liquid solutions. Dispersive mineral particles provide a solid surface for proteins while allowing rotation in solution without inducing anisotropic effects. This novel conformational analysis method using dispersive mineral particles presents a promising approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of various biomineral proteins. Furthermore, this insight may enable the synthesis of valuable and eco-friendly mineral materials by mimicking biomineralization processes.