Plasma catalysis: what is needed to create synergy?

Abstract

Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels, but the underlying mechanisms are still far from understood. This hampers plasma–catalyst synergy. Indeed, there is not enough insight into the optimal catalyst material tailored to the plasma environment, and vice versa, in the optimal plasma conditions for the catalyst needs. Furthermore, plasma catalysis suffers from energy losses via backward reactions, and probably most importantly, there is a clear need for improved plasma reactor design with better contact between plasma and catalyst. In this paper, we describe these critical limitations and suggest possible solutions. In addition, we stress the importance of correct measurements and consistent reporting, and finally we also propose other promising plasma–material combinations beyond the strict definition of catalysts. We hope this opinion paper can help to make progress in this booming research field.