Interfacial response of Mg-Ca-Si-Zr Nanoparticles for Transformative Orthopedic Therapeutics

Abstract

The debris particles, discharged due to the degradation and wear, initiate an inflammatory response at the implantation site or lead to the aseptic loosening of the prosthesis, ultimately resulting in implant failure over time. The toxicity concern becomes more severe for the release of nano-sized debris particles due to augmented interfacial interactions, even if the bulk counterpart is highly biocompatible. Towards this perspective, the present study aims to assess the in vivo toxicity both, local and systemic of Mg1-xCaxSi1-xZrxO3 (x = 0 - 0.4) [MCSZO-X, X = 0 - 4] nanoparticles using rat model. Initially, the in vitro cytotoxicity of varying concentrations (0.25, 2.5, and 25 mg/ml) of MCSZO-X nanoparticles was evaluated using MG-63 cells. The cell proliferation increases after the early interfacial interactions. Following this, 100 µl of MCSZO nanoparticles (25 mg/ml) was administered through intra-articular injection into the knee joint of male Wistar rats. The biochemical analyses showed no pathological change in the liver and kidney of the injected group of rats. Also, the histopathological analyses demonstrated that there is no inflammation due to interfacial interactions with injected nanoparticles in various organs like liver, heart, kidney and knee. Overall, the above findings pave the way for further advancement in bone repair and implant design.