Laterally shifted dipole effect on the three-dimensional microstructures of Janus magnetic colloidal suspensions

Abstract

The three-dimensional microstructures of a dilute suspension of magnetic Janus colloids with a magnetic dipole laterally displaced from their center were studied using Brownian dynamics simulations. The microstructure and aggregation properties were obtained from the temporal evolution of the positions and orientations of the colloidal particles. The mean average cluster size, the nucleation and growth process, the cluster size distribution, the orientational distribution, and the effective radius of the clusters were evaluated for different values of Janus balance, i.e., the lateral dipolar shift (s)—dimensionless with the particle radius and taking values in the range of 0 ≤ s ≤ 1. At small dipolar shifts (s → 0), chain- and ring-shaped structures are formed that are typically observed in particles with a centered dipole (s = 0). However, at intermediate dipolar shifts (0.2 ≤ s ≤ 0.4), structures mainly form vesicles that in some cases coexist with rings and spherical micelles. Finally, for s > 0.4, spherical micelles are observed that progressively decrease in size as s increases until clusters of 2 or 3 particles are reached. For intermediate and high dipolar shifts, the typical power-law aggregation is broken down, and the system saturates to a few particles per cluster. Therefore, the observed structural behavior could allow the better design of drug delivery encapsulation materials or, in turn, suspensions designed with high stability. This study suggests that new magnetic fluids can be designed by controlling the dipolar displacement of their component particles thereby influencing their microstructure and consequent macroscopic properties.