Electrothermally powered synergistic fluorescence-colour/3D-shape changeable polymer gel systems for rewritable and programmable information display

Abstract

Intelligent luminescent materials for rewritable and programmable information display have long been expected to be used to address potential environmental concerns stemming from the extensive use of disposable displays. However, most reported luminescence-colour changeable examples are chemically responsive and not well programmed to sequentially deliver different information within a single system. Additionally, they may suffer from residual chemical accumulation caused by the repeated addition of chemical inks and usually have poor rewritability. Herein, we draw inspiration from the bioelectricity-triggered information display mechanism of chameleon skin to report a robust electrothermally powered polymer gel actuator consisting of one soft conductive graphene/PDMS film and one humidity-responsive fluorescence-colour changeable CD-functionalized polymer (PAHCDs) gel layer. Owing to the good electrocaloric effect of the bottom graphene film and excellent hygroscopicity of the top PAHCDs gel layer, the as-designed actuator could be facilely controlled to exhibit reversible and synergistic 3D-shape/fluorescence-colour changeable behaviours in response to alternating electricity and humidity stimuli. On this basis, robust rewritable information display systems are fabricated, which enable not only on-demand delivery of written information, but also facile rewriting of lots of different information by the synergization of electroheat/humidity-triggered local 3D-deformation and fluorescence-colour changes. This work opens new avenues of research into rewritable information display and potentially inspires the future development of intelligent luminescent materials.