Recent Development Review of Ti3C2Tx MXene-based Microsupercapacitors: A Multi-dimensional Analysis Spanning from Underlying Mechanisms to Integrated Applications

Abstract

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), as innovative energy storage devices, have garnered significant attention in microelectronic and wearable applications. The urgent demand to enhance the charge storage capacity and operational efficiency of MSCs, coupled with challenges such as limited charge-active sites and low ion transport efficiency, have driven continuous optimization of their constituent materials and structural designs. The emerging two-dimensional MXenes, with their rich surface chemical functionalities, tunable interlayer spacing, and excellent compatibility with various nanomaterials, offer unprecedented opportunities for MSCs. However, current analyses on how MXene enhances the performance of MSCs from the energy storage mechanism perspective, its multiple applications in MSCs, and the system-level integration of MSCs are incomplete, limiting the development of this field. Herein, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the energy storage mechanisms and fabrication techniques of Ti₃C₂T_x-based MSCs, specially emphasizes their applications across various components of MSCs, and provides a detailed summary of integrated examples of MSCs-powered systems. This work offers an in-depth analysis of the key role Ti₃C₂T_x plays in enhancing the performance of MSCs, as well as outlines the challenges and prospects for its forthcoming researches, with the potential to drive continued innovation in high-performance flexible energy storage devices.