Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Incensole Acetate Modulate TPX2 Expression in DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer

Abstract

As natural chemicals may have fewer side effects than conventional medicines, their usage in cancer treatment is becoming more popular. Nanoformulations have been the focus of recent developments to increase anticancer potential of phytocompounds or pure isolated components. To evaluate the anticancer potential of silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNPs), essential oil from Catharanthus roseus was extracted, a terpene compound was isolated and incensole acetate (IA) mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesized. The anticancer potential of biosynthesized IA-AgNPs was assessed using a rat mammary tumor model induced by 9,10-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). SEM, UV-visible spectra, size determination, and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. To ascertain the bioactive potential of the prepared IA-AgNPs, tests for cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, stress marker analysis, and histopathology were performed. The study's findings showed that in DMBA-induced rats, incensole acetate-mediated silver nitrate nanoparticles markedly improved some oxidative stress enzyme levels, and overexpressed TPX2 gene expression level. IA-AgNPs demonstrated effective cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Strong anticancer potential was indicated by the marked enhancement of tumor features and against raised levels of antioxidant enzymes. Significant improvements in cancer-induced tissues were found by histopathological investigation, validating IA-AgNPs' therapeutic effectiveness. In conclusion, the results indicate that TPX2 gene expression in DMBA induced breast cancer model is altered by biosynthesized silver nitrate nanoparticles. The combined findings highlight IA-AgNPs' promise as a cutting-edge, targeted nanotherapeutic strategy with improved efficacy to treat cancer parameters than traditional therapies.