Manganese-based nanoenzymes: From catalytic chemistry to design principle and antitumor/antibacterial therapy

Abstract

Manganese (Mn)-based materials have been extensively investigated for a wide range of biomedical applications due to their fantastic catalytic chemistry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capacity, biodegradability, low toxicity, and good biosafety. In this review, we first elaborated the catalytic principle of Mn-based nanoenzymes for antitumor and antibacterial therapy, followed by the comprehensive discussion of interesting structural design engineering strategies of multi-dimensional Mn-based nanoarchitectures, such as zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles, 1D nanotubes, 2D nanosheets, 3D hollow porous Mn ball, and core-shell nanostructures. Moreover, the therapeutic applications of different Mn-based nanoenzymes, including manganese dioxide (MnO2)-based nanoenzymes that can trigger catalytic reactions, Mn2+-doped metal nanoenzymes and Mn2+-coordinated nanoenzymes that promote hydroxyl/reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and MnO2-based micro/nanorobots that can effectively penetrate tumor tissues, have been critically reviewed. Finally, a brief overview of the potential challenges facing the development of Mn-based nanoenzymes along with a comparative and balanced discussion of future outlook are presented.