Photocatalytic regioselective C–H bond functionalizations in arenes

Abstract

The direct functionalization of C–H bonds has revolutionized the field of synthetic organic chemistry by enabling efficient and atom-economical modification of arenes by avoiding prefunctionalization. However, the inherent challenges of inertness and regioselectivity in different C–H bonds, particularly for distal positions, necessitate innovative approaches. In this aspect, photoredox catalysis by utilizing both transition metal and organic photocatalysts has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing these challenges under mild reaction conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in regioselective C–H functionalization in arenes via photocatalysis. Emphasizing the strategies for achieving ortho-, meta-, and para-selectivity, we explore the mechanistic insights, catalyst designs, and the novel methodologies that have expanded the scope of C–H bond functionalization. This discussion aims to offer valuable perspectives for advancing the field and developing more efficient and sustainable synthetic methodologies.