Commercialization of perovskite solar cells: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is of the emerging photovoltaic (PV) technology that is undergoing rapid development at lab scale with a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.7%. The solution processbility of such PV devices makes this technology suitable for large-scale manufacturing techniques. Despite the tremendous progress in PCE, poor device stability is still a drawback towards its commercialization. Because of their material properties, PSC have a wide range of applications beyond traditional photovoltaics such as silicon, including BIPVs, VIPVs, indoor applications, tandem solar cells, and flexible electronics. However, commercialization challenges remain, particularly in terms of improving operational longevity, lowering lead toxicity, and developing scalable, stable large-area modules. This perspective initially gives an overview of the current state of PSCs followed by its wide range applications. It also gives an overview about the need lower LCOE and improved stability, PCE, and lifetime to compete at utility-scale. We also discussed about the major challenges that are to be addressed to get into the commercialization of PSCs. Finally, we conclude by giving grounded in insights gathered from both academic research and industry experience.